Results show that higher breast cancer risk can be reversed with weight loss

Women who  lost weight after age 50 and kept it off had a lower risk of breast cancer than women whose weight remained stable, according to new research from the American Cancer Society, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, and others, which was published in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute.

Researchers used the Pooling Project of Prospective Studies of Diet and Cancer (DCPP) to estimate the association of sustained weight loss in middle or later adulthood on subsequent breast cancer risk. Their analysis included more than 180,000 women aged 50 and older from ten prospective studies.

The new analysis is the first with a large enough sample size to examine the important question of whether sustained weight loss can impact breast cancer risk with statistical precision. Weight was assessed three times over approximately 10 years: at study enrollment, after about five years, and then again about four years later.

The results showed women with sustained weight loss had a lower risk of breast cancer than women whose weight remained stable, and the larger the amount of sustained weight loss, the lower was the risk of breast cancer.

Women who lost about 4.4 to 10 pounds had a 13 percent lower risk than women with stable weight. Women who lost 10 to 20 pounds had a 16 percent lower. Women who lost more than 20 pounds had a 26 percent lower risk. In addition, women who lost 20 or more pounds and gained some, but not all, of the weight back still had a lower risk of breast cancer compared with those whose weight remained stable.

In the United States, more than two in three adult women are overweight or obese. And while high body mass index is an established risk factor for postmenopausal breast cancer, there has not been adequate evidence to determine if that risk is reversible by losing excess weight.

"Our results suggest that even a modest amount of sustained weight loss is associated with lower breast cancer risk for women over 50," said Lauren Teras, PhD, lead author of the study in a statement. "These findings may be a strong motivator for the two-thirds of American women who are overweight to lose some of that weight. Even if you gain weight after age 50, it is not too late to lower your risk of breast cancer."